Man's life is divided "before" and "after". Before the disease, there were great and little pleasures, sometimes insignificant problems. After that, there was only one day struggle and quiet despair that normal life would never return. But you can solve the problem forever!
What is arthrosis
This is a disease of the joints, when the articular cartilage is destroyed over time, the joint ends of the bones are modified, the Periastate degenerated tissue and the inflammation are actively blooming.
Reasons and development
Arthrosis may develop due to excessive load or joint injuries. In any case, the process is accompanied by a decrease in proteoglycans (special complex proteins). Due to the decrease in the number of proteoglycans, the joint loses water as these molecules keep it. As a result, the cartilage "dries", loses elasticity and elasticity, and becomes rough and dry. As a result, an abnormal friction occurs as pain. Because of the friction, the joint is "wiped", the cartilage becomes thinner and thinner. Constant microdamines result in an increase in joint osteophytes. The final stage is the complete disappearance of the cartilage.
It is mistaken that people buy osteophytes for the "salt" that must be "dispersed". But these are not salt deposits, and there is nothing to scatter in the joints.
The risk factors of arthrosis determine its causes. Please note that if there is a factor (for example, the age of 50), arthrosis cannot occur, but the chances of appearance are in the presence of 2 or more reasons, such as a 50 -year injury. All factors can be divided into general and genetic, external and interior.
Internal factors:
- Circle- Over time, the body's ability to regenerate is reduced and cell activity decreases. As a result, collagen reproduction is reduced and synovial fluid in the joints will be less.
- A violation of your metabolism- Different metabolisms can lead to arthrosis. The most common cause is a decrease in estrogen levels and diabetes. Different metabolic pathologies also lead to arthrosis.
Minerals and vitamin deficiency- Everything is clear here. If the necessary materials are not accepted, collagen and other materials simply do not need to be synthesized. Pathology develops in the background of disorders in assimilation of substances. - Overweight- A bit influenced by the cause, since arthrosis occurs exclusively due to overweight, it is far from 150 kilograms. At the same time, it has influence, increasing the likelihood of joint development.
- Violation of the development of bones and joints- Such disorders can occur not only for inheritance but also for other reasons. The pathology of development is not a sentence, it will never arise according to certain rules of arthrosis.
- Arthritis- During the inflammatory procedure, the blood supply to the joint is disturbed, the composition of the synovial fluid and the cartilage changes. Please note that once they have been rid of arthritis, the risk of developing arthrosis remains until the composition of joint fluids and tissues is normal.
- Heart attack- Otherwise, the joint aseptic necrosis. It develops with the thrombophilia - by bending blood clots to the formation of blood clots. But thrombophilia usually does not lead to the joint, so the development of arthrosis requires other reasons.
- Chronic stress- Depression and prolonged alarming conditions lead to a decrease in regeneration levels, a reduction in body protective properties. Any disease, not only the likelihood of arthrosis, increases.
External factors:
- Injuries- This includes different types of dislocations, damage to the joints, and the base of the joint. Such injuries are rarely occurring and properly treated without a trace. However, in the presence of other factors, arthrosis may occur.
- Excessive load on the joint- occurs in professional athletes or workers who are long distances. But this factor, taking into account the coach's recommendations and, in the absence of other factors, rarely leads to arthrosis.
- Surgical interventions(Meniscectomy and others). After surgery, patients are prescribed by medication, bed rest and other procedures to reduce the risk of complications. With their violation, the likelihood of arthrosis increases.
The main symptoms
Diagnosis of arthrosis is quite simple, even an unprepared person can do it, it is sufficient to understand the pain of the joints.
Types of joint pain:
- The pain occurs and increases from the load, weakening in rest;
- If the patient is invested and the other person bows his limb, the pain is in the usual way (due to the friction of the joint);
- The pain in the work is gradually increasing and the process of the disease increases.
Another typical symptom is a dry crunch in the joint while moving. Generally, the joints also crack, but the sound of a healthy joint is loud and sharp, and the joints do not harm. In the case of arthrosis, the crunch is dry, first hears badly, but continuously accompanies movement. At the same time, one suffers severe pain.
The disease develops other typical symptoms: low mobility, joint deformation. The X -Gray image shows the decrease in the joint gap, the growth of bones, their deformation.
Arthrosis often occurs in the knee and hip joints, as these are those who experience increased loads. Less often occurs on the shoulders and elbows, fingers or legs. There is a variety of diseases -general arthrosis in which all the joints of the body are affected at the same time.
The stages of illness
The articular cartilage, the adjacent tissues and tissues are damaged. The stages of arthrosis distinguish it depending on the extent of the joint damage.
Stage 1
At this stage, degenerative processes affect only collagen fibers and proteoglycan molecules in the cartilage. Due to a change in the composition of the cartilage or synovial fluid, abnormal friction occurs, leading to painful feelings. The pain occurs after intense physical effort and disappears at rest. Joint movements are not yet difficult, changes are not related to muscle fibers, joint bag and surrounding blood vessels. At this stage, changes are not visible on X -Gray or insignificant.
Section 2
Due to abnormal friction, the cartilage loses the properties of elasticity and force, gradually thinner and no longer protecting the bones head. As a result, they are flat, which causes their contact area. On the edges of the joint platform, there is an increase - osteophytes that are clearly visible in an X -Gay image.
At this stage, the pain continues not only with loads but also with any minor movement. Peace does not provide complete relief, though it can reduce pain. The joint is partially losing mobility, and the patient himself tries to fill the affected limb.
Due to lack of mobility, the blood supply to the joint is deteriorated. As a result, the composition of synovial fluids becomes viscous, losing lubricating properties, which accelerates the course of the disease. X-rays decrease by 50-70%of the lumen of the joint gap and the joint deformation becomes noticeable.
Section 3
At this stage, the cartilage disappears completely or partially. The mobility of the joint disappears, and the patient suffers severe pain not only when he moves, but also at rest. The joint gap and synovial fluid disappear, the joint bag wrinkles and atrophy. At this stage, only surgical treatment is possible if the joint is replaced by artificial prosthesis. If this is not done, anchilosis occurs with the impossibility of movement.
Treatment methods
Even with 100% dedication of the doctor and the patient, the joint only returns to stage 1 of the arthrosis. In 2 stages, the bone deformation can be observed, so it will not work to add the joint into the joint. But it can delay the operation for a long time or even avoid it completely. Stage 3 of arthrosis is only treated surgically.
Many methods are used to treat 1 and 2 stages of arthrosis. Above all, drug treatment. Various physiotherapy, biological treatment methods, and massage are also used. Overweight food -normalization is required.
Symptomatic therapy
Non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs are used to eliminate pain. All funds have many contraindications, and it is not recommended for longer use, as they exacerbate the synthesis of proteoglycans in the joint.
For pain relief, it is better to use selective anti -inflammatory drugs. They do not cause complications, have little contraindications and are vaguely acceptable for a long time. You can use vasodilizing drugs or local irritating ointments to improve your blood circulation.
Specific therapy
The chondroproprotector (glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate) consists of taking the drugs needed to restore cartilage. Glucosamine stimulates the activity of chondrocits and is a raw material for the creation of proteoglycan molecules. Condroitin sulfate increases proteoglycan's ability to seize and hold water. It also stimulates the formation of collagen fibers and blocks enzymes that resolve them.
Intraarticular injections of hyaluronic acid are also used. It is a raw material for collagen fibers and an integral part of the synovial fluid. The treatment method is common and has proven its effectiveness. It lasts for a long time for 1-1, 5 years to achieve the effect of specific therapy until the cartilage is completely restored.
Surgery
The latest and fastest method is the joint treatment method. During surgery, the affected joint is separated and the joint and joint bed are removed. They place an artificial joint with a titanium head and a high -strength polyethylene. The entire structure is secured in the bones with the help of the pins.
The operation of the hip or knee joint is complex and dangerous. It often leads to complications (lung thromboembolia, infectious diseases). Even with a successful operation, the prosthesis "crushed" over time and requires replacement. This happens up to 10-15 years and the minimum period is 1-3 years.
Other procedures
Many of the procedures are aimed at eliminating harmful friction in the joint, improving blood supply. Treatment methods, most of each should be applied comprehensively or alternately. We only analyze a few of the most effective methods of treating:
- Manual therapy- During the process, the manual therapist "stretches" the joint, reducing the pressure with the cartilage. The procedure should be performed frequently and regularly, but its effect appears immediately.
- Another way of leaching the joint is -hardware traction- This is actually used on the knee joint, the knee is stretched on a special table with the device. There are sufficient 2 courses every year in 10-12 meetings per course.
- Therapeutic massage- After the procedure, the circulation of the joint fluid improves, increases blood supply, and the plasticity of the joint increases. Massage is contraindicated in inflammatory processes.
- Ultrasound therapy- Ultrasonic vibration occurs in the "massage" of muscles, blood vessels and cartilage. Ultrasound accelerates metabolism due to biochemical exposure. It also has a heat effect when the mechanical energy from the sound becomes a thermal energy.
- -InPractice therapyArthrosis also includes many exercises, including unusual workouts, which are used exclusively for joint purposes.
Here is an example of the exercises that the specialist of artrologists speaks with explanation of all exercises.Meal in the joints
For a long time, it was believed that irregular nutrition would lead to arthrosis and that it could be cured by a diet. Today it became quite clear that nutrition was not directly to arthrosis.
Of course, excessive weight is one of the factors that accelerate joint treatment, so the diet is useful, but only for a certain circle. Nutrition normalization should be understood for arthrosis as it comes from overweight.
Weight loss is particularly important for people with gonarthrosis as the main weight of the body is on their knees.
When you lose weight, you need to understand and use a number of rules that simplify the task and guarantee the result:
- Psychological work- Because of certain psychological attitudes and the desire to reward or reassure the nerves, the desire to "eat closely" arises. Such psychological problems deprive weight loss and increasing stress aggravates the situation. Losing weight has only a temporary effect without solving psychological problems.
- Not to lose weight but to normalize food- The main cause of overweight is inadequate nutrition. If you lose weight, but does not eliminate the unbalanced diet, the person will gain weight again after a while. The root of the problem must be removed. That is, nutrition should not be normalized forever for a certain "weight loss".
- A gradual introduction of all rules- It is very difficult to lose weight psychologically, so all the rules of a healthy diet should be gradually introduced. First, one rule is introduced (for example, not after 7: 00 pm), after being accustomed to one rule, introduce the other.
- Be left out of the menuBaked meat, oils prepared in oil, white flour sweets. More vegetables, fruits, simple cereals should be eaten on the water. We recommend that your daily diet be divided into 5-6 food, denied 3-4 hours before going to bed, drinking more water.
Arthrosis is a terrible disease, but retreats with a systematic and timely approach to treatment. In order to defeat him, you need to know its essence, developmental mechanisms, risk factors, and causes of development. If you use all the recommended therapeutic methods, the cure for arthrosis will be quite simple.